Erving Goffman is one of the representatives of the vast field of symbolic interactionism. By integrating the structural role theory of Manford Kuhn and the process role theory of Herbert Blumer, Goffman drew from the strengths of various sources in both theory and methodology, creating the Dramaturgical Theory, which had profound impacts later on. The earliest elaboration of this theory can be found in his book The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Goffman used rich theatrical concepts such as individual“performance”and team“collusion”to describe how people maintain the normal order of the interactive world by presenting themselves in daily life. Later, in his book Stigma, Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity,he discussed the two interrelated alternative groups of stigmatized and potentially stigmatized individuals, and how they maintain their unique way of self-presentation through the modification of stigma in situations of discredited or discreditable. By interpretating Goffman’s unique life history, we can see that his works are more like encrypted versions of personal biographies, or his sociological imagination stems from his exceptionally rich and alternative experiences.

Research on intergenerational mobility usually analyzes the mobility patterns and mechanisms among classes based on the framework of class. This paper uses China General Social Survey (CGSS) data to explore the influence of family origin within the class on individual labor income, namely the“long shadow effect” of family origin. First, the results show that the“long shadow effect”exists in both the elite and the working classes. The income of people from the elite class is significantly higher than that of people from the other class, which is respectively manifested as the“class ceiling”effect and the“class floor”effect. Second, the “long shadow effect”is mainly realized through human capital and job opportunities mechanisms. People from the elite class have higher human capital and are more likely to work in large-scale organizations and economically developed areas. Third,the“long shadow effect”differs in different institutional environments. The“class ceiling”effect and the“class floor”effect in the labor market are more significant from outside the institutional system. Fourth,the“class ceiling”and“class floor” effects have shown an increasingly severe trend during the period we studied. This article reveals the heterogeneity within broad class categories, providing a new perspective for assessing social inequality and its reproduction.

 This paper examines the changing association between educational attainment of individuals’parents and their spouses in urban China and the underlying mechanisms to discuss issues related to social structure openness. The conclusions indicate that the intergenerational educational association between parents and their offspring’s spouses exhibits a trend of first declining and then rising among different cohorts born between 1960 and 1999. Mechanistically, the initial decline in this association is attributed to a decrease in the direct educational matching between parents and their offspring’s spouses. The subsequent increase is primarily attributed to a simultaneous increase in the intergenerational educational reproduction between parents and their offspring, educational assortative mating among the offspring’s generation, and the direct educational matching between parents and their offspring’s spouses. Particularly, in the cohort born between 1981 and 1999, all three of these aspects independently reinforce the intergenerational educational associations between parents and their offspring’s spouses, resulting in a closed dual-generation model of social structure openness.

This paper discusses how sociology accepts“culture”. Through reviewing the literature, this paper finds that sociology has never really forgotten culture.However, the acceptance of culture has undergone a disciplinary development from “unconscious”to“conscious”and then to“consciously constructing.”In the “unconscious”stage, culture is merely an adjunct to a grand structured narrative; In the“conscious”stage, sociologists had earlier made their voices heard through scattered participation in cultural studies emerging from Europe, which was accompanied by the collective“cultural turn”of European academia; Then the cultural turn of sociology itself gave birth to the conflict between“cultural sociology”and “cultural studies.”In the“consciously constructing”stage, the emergence of several schools of cultural theory provided excellent theoretical tools for the academic prosperity of cultural sociology and the promotion of the importance of culture.Finally, the paper believes that“cultural sociology”and“cultural studies”are related, but there are obvious differences in the research objects, disciplines, and methods.

The“daughter- centered lineal family”(Guinvjia) refers to a lineal family centered around their married daughter; it plays an important role in the daughter’s daily life. The intimate relations between the daughter and her parents build on mutual support and dependence based on“heart”; heart-to-heart connection is a shared expectation of two generations. The emergence of the “daughter-centered lineal family”is the result of the active construction of the daughter and her parents, and this reflects the rise of the dual subjectivity of women themselves as daughters in intergenerational relations and as wives in conjugal relations is crucial. On the other hand, women achieve this by increasing their self- demands.The“daughter- centered lineal family”presents new changes in the relations between the daughter and her natal family parents but also reflects new challenges that contemporary Chinese families need to face. Due to the“daughter-centered lineal family”being the“liminal phase”of the transformation of relations between the daughter and her natal family, they are able to gain more space for negotiation and action in family practice. However, contemporary Chinese family life has the possibility of becoming more complex.

We used data from three waves of the China Longitudinal Aging and Society Social Survey to investigate the gender paradox of two-way intergenerational support in Chinese families. That is, daughters provide more support to their parents than sons, but parents are more supportive of their sons. To explain the phenomenon,we established a multi-situational motivation model for parents and children within the family: daughters and parents tend to form a mixed intergenerational support pattern driven by emotional motives and immediate exchanges, characterized by daily interactions; whereas sons and parents lean towards forming a pattern that combines cultural norms and delayed exchanges, serving as a safety net. The compound effect of these two patterns leads to the gender paradox at the group level. By exploring the gender paradox, this paper further reveals the tension between the individual and family under the drastic social transformation in China, illustrating the complex aspects of Chinese families transitioning towards individualization, being constrained
by traditional social structures and actively engaging in proactive cultural practices.

Based on the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), this paper systematically discusses the impact of migration experience on the intergenerational relationship in terms of filial piety models, and the differentiation of effcets under different migration scenarios. The results show that while the migration experience subverts people’s authoritarian filial piety, it also perpetuates their reciprocal filial piety. Among them, the weakening of authoritarian filial piety is more significant in the flow situation of the selective flow path, more education gap and value differentiation. This paper makes a detailed exploration of the causal chain between the migration experience and the change of filial piety, which helps us understand the transformation of family structure in the current“floating China”.

The active participation of the public is the foundation for the sustainable and sound development of voluntary blood donation in China. Promoting social participation in voluntary blood donation is an important theoretical and practical issue. This article is based on the data from the survey of the living conditions of residents in megacities, including Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, in 2015, and finds that receiving high school education and above markedly increases the likelihood of residents participating in voluntary blood donation. It is not only because school education has increased people’s awareness of blood-related knowledge, but also because education is a critical step in receiving the concepts,
including giving back to society and participating in public welfare activities.Further analysis shows no significant difference in the impact of school education on voluntary blood donation among different birth cohort groups. Given this, future national education should not only focus on disseminating basic knowledge of blood but also advocate the important concept that voluntary blood donation is a crucial way to give back to society.

The existing literature has paid attention to how the American anthropologist David Schneider has shaped Euro-American anthropology, and yet has not systematically traced the key transformations regarding objects of inquiry in Schneiderian kinship studies. This article takes the kinship studies, theories, and critiques of Schneider as a central thread, and demonstrates how Schneiderian kinship studies have turned its central objects of inquiry from“society”to“culture” and eventually to“local biology.”Taking into account the recent developments in anthropological theories, I will comment on how Schneider has already pushed kinship studies from the level of epistemology to that of ontology several decades ago. This paper takes Schneider as a point of departure, and extends to nearly a century of kinship studies and relevant anthropological theories in Euro-American academia. I hope it will inspire more scholars of China to focus on kinship phenomena in today’s Chinese society.

Taking family-school interaction around homework in an urban and a township elementary school as examples, this study examines the differences in the educational environments of the two and explores their impact on the processes and patterns of family-school interactions. The study found that highly competitive and differentiated educational environments promote a“competition-driven, two-way supportive”family-school relationship. In contrast, educational environments with limited competition and low differentiation promote a“passive response, one-way dependent”family-school relationship. The former implies that schools, families, and even the market, construct an educational network that works together to cope
with educational competition and promote students’academic development. The latter implies that schools play an absolutely dominant or even exclusive role in the education process. Besides, the increased space for families weakens the role of
school resources, and in an environment where family resources are weak, schools play a more equalizing role than families. The family-school relationship links not only educational processes and outcomes but also micro-level family-school behaviors and meso-level educational environments, affecting educational equity.

The discovery of Xunzi Qunxue is the product of the sociology of the history of Chinese social thought. This sociological inquiry is primarily concerned with how individuals with a propensity for evil are systematically integrated into society. For this question, it is necessary to identify not only social control mechanisms but also the social mechanism that Xunzi Qunxue designed to implement social order. In the text of Xunzi, the concept of“division (fen)”is broader than “grouping (qun)”. Based on this, the perspective can be shifted from“group”to“division”, and the internal social order mechanism of Xunzi Qunxue science can be constructed. Mingfen Shiqun (dividing people by etiquette and socially grouping them) is an indigenous analytical tool based on Xunzi’s social taxonomy, and the equal structure of Xunzi’s ideal society, referred to as“group living and one”, is generated in part by the actions of this social mechanism.

By using the data from the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) in 2014 and 2015, this study examines the influence of the current Chinese family structure on the academic achievement of adolescents and its indirect mechanism,and further explores the influence mechanism in different class peer groups. First,family structure plays an essential role in adolescents’academic achievement.Adolescents from non- two- parent families have lower academic achievement compared to two-parent families. Second, family structure affects the academic achievement of adolescents by affecting family educational resources and family social capital. Compared with two-parent families, adolescents from non-two-parent families are disadvantaged in terms of learning resources, school quality, parentchild communication, and parental control, resulting in lower academic achievement. Finally, the impact of family structure on adolescents’academic achievement showed significant differences among peer groups in different classes. Excellent class peer groups reduce the explanatory effects of family learning resources and parental control, which in turn leads to a significant reduction in the differences in academic achievement between adolescents from non-two-parent families and two-parent families.

This study systematically examines the determinants of policy advocacy behavior in Chinese nonprofit organizations（NPOs）through factor analysis and regression analysis using the China Sovial Work Longitudinal Study Data. The results show that, first, political recognition is the core factor affecting policy advocacy, and the actions of NPOs show the logic of“embedded advocacy”, namely engaging in policy advocacy activities within the premise and scope of political
support and recognition. Second, the heterogeneity reflects the tension within the logic of policy advocacy. The policy advocacy of NPOs in the central and western regions is highly embedded and dependent on the space and resources allocated by the government. In contrast, the policy advocacy of NPOs in the eastern region exhibits a certain degree of autonomy, with the organization’s own ability playing a significant role. Third, policy advocacy often emerges after NPOs have acquired strength and accumulated rich experience, particularly when advocating directly to the government, which imposes higher requirements on organizational professionalism. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the unique logic of policy advocacy and the characteristic relationship between government and society in China.

This paper reviews father absence research in the U.S. academia in the 21st century and finds that absent fatherhood has two dimensions: physical and sentimental absence. Each dimension corresponds to its unique essence, theoretical paradigm, and research method. The essence of physical absence is the structural problem. Built on this, structuralism and relevant theoretical perspectives have guided a series of quantitative studies on physical father absence, highlighting intergenerational transmission of disadvantaged resources and the consequent social reproduction of inequality. Meanwhile, the essence of sentimental absence is the unequal gender division of labor. Given this, constructivism and relevant theoretical perspectives have guided a series of qualitative studies on sentimental father absence, criticizing the masculine hegemony behind it. The above research from the U.S. gives theoretical support in understanding the father absence in China, while Chinese local experience would also create the potential for theoretical innovation,providing new inspirations for sociological research in this field.

Based on the empirical data collected from interactions between babysitters and employers in Shanghai, this paper argues that the spatial context of domestic services comprises a dual labor space constituted by the“work”space and the“family”space. This dual labor space shapes labor relations through two different sets of spatial logic comprised of labor requirements and care expectations. When the spatial logic chosen by the workers and employers differs, the actions
taken by both sides to optimize their experiences paradoxically lead to an unsatisfactory experience dilemma, resulting in tense labor relations. Employers may blur the boundaries of the dual space by cultivating intimate relationships and exercising comprehensive supervision. At the same time, babysitters may divide the boundaries by emphasizing purely contractual relationships and creating dead ends of employers’supervision. Only in rare instances when both sides’spatial logic converges and their actions coordinate can labor relations be harmonious. By introducing a social-spatial perspective, this paper moves away from mainstream assumptions of homogeneity in the spatial context, refines the prevailing narrative on structural inequality, and concurrently broadens our understanding of workers’agency.

Facing the flagging rural development that is coming up with the hollowing and aging problems, a new issue would have its urgency for the research of rural governance, namely, how rural vitality could be activated. Focusing on the CunBA, a rural basketball game in Guizhou Province, we thought that in order to inspire the villages, except for the cooperation among governing agents, it was crucial for rural governance to activate the governing agents’subjectivity. As an outcome of cooperation between modern Western sport and Chinese traditional folk culture,the CunBA has both modernity and locality. It has scaled developing and periodic holding, continuing the collective effervescence of the village, and self-organizes by the amateurish locals, which presents multiple contrasts intertwined with different sounds and a new competitive order built on the competition among multiple actors within these traditional but modern rural sports. The capacity and scale expansion of local community activation and the massive reconstruction of social order by CunBA allows the rural sports event as the mirror of the order for rural society indeed, providing us with a new vision to think of rural revitalization that activates the governing agents’subjectivity by digging heterogeneity of rural culture.

 The structure of traditional Chinese politics originates from ethical relationships. Ethics emanating from human nature, which serve as guidance and regulation for specific political practices, constitute the internal basis of traditional political order. The relationship between father and son is the essence of kinship ethics, and the relationship between monarch and subject is the core of political ethics. According to the Confucian understanding of human nature, filial piety (xiao) is the fundamental display of benevolence (ren), while loyalty (zhong) is, to a large extent, the requirement of filial piety. However, loyalty has its own emotional basis independent of filial piety. The way a son treats his father differs from the way a subject treats his monarch, so there might be tension between filial piety and loyalty in certain circumstances. Confucian rites dissolve the tension by properly dealing with inner emotions such as affection for kin(qinqin), respect for the honorable (zunzun), love, and piety. However, in history, when a monarch or a senior official is obsessed with power, the political operation will degenerate into a game of interests that is against human nature, thus often leading to the spoiling and even the collapse of political order.

The influences of biology on sociology are throughout the history of sociology. Only since the 1960s has the piecemeal interest in biology in the early history of sociology gradually developed into a systemic endeavour of having recourse
to biology in human social studies. An outcome of the endeavour is exactly modern biosociology. The influences of biology on social science and sociology mainly come from evolutionary biology, genetics, and neuroscience. Correspondingly, biosociology has three primary branches: evolutionary sociology, genosociology, and neurosociology. The integration of biological knowledge with sociological studies can bring new concepts and theories, and enrich the knowledge system and research levels of sociology. Moreover, this will help promote the prestige and growth of sociology.

This paper reflects on the research of anthropology of sports in China and puts forward some prospects for the future. On the one hand, by introducing discipline, the“anthropology of sports mainly by sports scholars”section has carried out extensive research in traditional ethnic minority sports, laying an empirical foundation for the formation of this discipline. However, this section has some limitations, such as over-reliance on the framework of cultural evolution and lack of theoretical insight. From the perspective of cross-ethnic relationships, ethnic minority sports activities are the product of exchanges among various ethnic groups,and that the popularity of the hot sports events shows the complementary relationship among the diverse-integrated Chinese ethnic groups. On the other hand, starting from the contemporary sports phenomenon, referring to the relevant experience from overseas studies of the anthropology of sports regarding China, this paper points out that the“anthropology of sports mainly by cultural anthropologists”section should have a cross-cultural perspective, carry out solid ethnographic field accumulation,and explain or interpret the social changes behind the sports phenomenon from an accurate theoretical perspective. The significance of the nation-state is being re-emphasized as a style, but the nationalism of the new style is open to foreignness and internationalism. The two sections, should based on cultural anthropology be combined into an inherently unified anthropology of sports.

This article analyzes the changes in the contract tax institutions in Beijing from the fourth year to the fifth year of the Wanli Emperor’s reign in Ming dynasty, illuminating the formation of a typical patrimonial bureaucracy in state extraction in traditional China. This analysis suggests that as being triggered by a contingent event that the malfeasance of a tax official of the tax office (Du-shui-si Da-shi) was disclosed, the contradiction between the formal institutions regarding contract tax and the absence of governmental administration of contract tax in Beijing was perceived by the officials and the Wanli Emperor, and facilitated their social actions regarding the contract tax in Beijing. By the fifth year of the Wanli Emperor’s reign, both the characteristics of the tax farming institution and those of the bureaucracy were manifested in the form of the patrimonial bureaucracy in the collection of contract tax in Beijing on the formal institutional level. The patrimonial bureaucracy integrated Confucian filial piety, utilitarian ethic, the formal logic of legal thought, and the commitment to traditions on the informal institutional level.This study develops a more comprehensive theory of patrimonial bureaucracy for interpreting state extraction in traditional China, and systematically illustrates the contradictions between and within the formal and informal dimensions of the patrimonial bureaucracy in traditional China.

Using data from the 2015 Chinese General Social Survey（CGSS）, this paper examines the influencing factors of contemporary Chinese moral judgment. Based on the survey data, this paper divides moral judgment into“public morality”and“private morality”, and puts forward the“modernization proposition”of moral judgment. It is found that“modernization”at the individual and group level has a significant impact on private and public morality, but there are differences in specific factors. Firstly, the higher the level of modernization of an individual, the more he/she tends to conform to the judgments of public morality and reject the judgments of private morality. Secondly, the higher the modernization level of a province is, the more its people exclude private morality, while there is no significant difference in public morality. In addition, individual moral judgment is regulated by age. Modernization at the individual and social levels narrows the gap in“public morality”between different ages, while private morality does the opposite. Results verify the“modernization proposition”of contemporary Chinese moral judgment to an extent; at the same time, social transformation theory also provides supplementary explanations for this proposition. The findings of this paper also provide a sociological perspective and empirical evidence for understanding the moral concepts and moral judgments of contemporary Chinese people.

Using ten periods data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS),we find that, firstly, there is a heterogeneous effect in the impact of education on intergenerational social mobility across different birth cohorts and education levels.The higher the level of education, the greater the impact on intergenerational social mobility, with a relatively upward trend observed among those born between the 1960s and 1980s. Secondly, higher education has the strongest effect on promoting intergenerational social mobility, while the lower and middle education levels have a weaker effect on promoting intergenerational social mobility. However, due to the large proportion of middle and primary education levels in the general population, the positive impact of education on intergenerational social mobility in China has largely been masked. It is important for the government to actively promote educational policy reform, ensure the equal distribution of educational resources, and enhance the opportunity for children from lower classes to receive middle and higher education, promoting high-quality social and economic development in China.

Theft is the main type of juvenile delinquency. Based on the interviews in A City, this research takes migrant juveniles’petty theft as the object to discuss the generating situation and the generative mechanism of this criminal behavior. In the context of Chinese social transformation, the intense social mobility has led to the inadequacy or absence of family care and social care for some juveniles, which put the juveniles in a predicament of“lame independence”. Under the dual constraints of threatened survival needs satisfaction and the“lame independence” situation, some migrant juveniles go astray in petty theft to achieve so-called “balanced independence”. In the specific implementation process of theft, migrant juveniles weigh their needs, value systems satisfaction and cognition. During that, the temporary drift of needs’tendency, situational moral breakthroughs, and situational control based on behavior rationality that occur sequentially in critical stages have jointly caused the occurrence of petty theft, presenting the features of situational weighing. This research focuses on the interaction between the behavior and the situation when theft occurs to supplement the accumulation of research on juvenile delinquency in China.

Utilizing four waves of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2018), this study investigates the impact of grandchild care on the health trajectories of rural elderly in China. The growth curve model analysis reveals a negative correlation between grandchild care and the rate of health decline among these individuals. Notably, this effect varies by gender. For female elderly, grandchild care does not show a significant association with health changes.In contrast, grandchild care appears to worsen the health of male elderly, with this adverse impact intensifying with age. Moreover, when examining care intensity, results indicate that high-intensity grandchild care, as opposed to none or lowintensity care, is particularly significant in accelerating health decline in male elderly. These findings highlight the influence of context-specific cultural norms and family models, and illuminate the complex interplay of tradition and modernity in intergenerational relationships within Chinese families.

Using data from three rounds of the China Family Panel Studies and the early cognitive ability of grandchildren as an outcome index, this paper examines the interpretation of intergenerational status exchange in marriage on the multi⁃
generational transmission of education in China’s social context. It is found that no matter whether it is in the paternal or maternal line, an intergenerational status exchange between grandparents and spouse in the second generation exists, which transmits the influence of grandparents’educational achievement on the grandchild’s cognitive ability. In addition, the degree of intergenerational status exchange in the paternal line is stronger than that in the maternal line, so the indirect grandparent effects caused by this mechanism in the paternal line are significantly greater than those in the maternal line. As a result, this mechanism is more beneficial in maintaining the reproduction of a patrilineal society. In this paper, the Markov process of multigenerational transmission is extended from a perspective of educational attainment, while the classical one-lineage model can be seen as a constraint line of multigenerational inequality transmission. In the multigenerational mobility framework, the indirect effects of other pathways and the direct effects of grandparental participation are worthy of more attention.

This study focuses on state-to-private mobility during the later stage of market reform in China, with a causal analysis of such mobility on workers’ subjective wellbeing and its underlying mechanisms. Using a longitudinal design based on data from the China Family Panel Studies（CFPS 2014, 2016, and 2018）,This study carries out post-matching regression controlling for a rich set of premobility covariates to mitigate the selection bias. The main findings are as follows:first, state-to-private mobility exhibits a distinct negative selection pattern, in which relatively disadvantaged workers in the public sector are more likely to move toward the private sector. Second, the state-to-private mobility experience has a substantive and statistically significant detrimental impact on workers’subjective wellbeing.Third, economic factors, represented by social insurance and housing allowance, and psychosocial factors, represented by interpersonal relationships and subjective status,have mediated the causal effect of state-to-private mobility on workers’subjective wellbeing. This paper provides meaningful policy references for current national institutional reforms.

Frequent labour flows have nearly become a norm in the platform economy. Previous studies often treat them as a platform feature and examine how the platforms’strong control and low protection weaken typical employment, leading to labour precarity. However, this research brings workers back in by exploring their agency in the process. Based on extensive fieldwork on Chinese food delivery platforms, this article explores the root causes from both the platform and labour sides. It argues that the combination of the capital designs and labour strategies leads to frequent flows. Whereas the platforms create dual employment models for business purposes and emphasize technological control over labour subjectivity,workers respond by individual turnovers, mainly forming a type of“circular flow” within the sector, and collective actions, particularly organizing for“high-priced part-times”. Consequently, labour flows are beyond the capital’s expectations and unilateral control, which causes not only precarious labour but also constant pressures on platform organizations, especially delivery service agencies and their stations. Thus, this study concludes that labour flows essentially reflect the dynamic processes of strategic interactions among multiple parties on the platforms. Such processes particularly reveal that the complexity of platform organization has not eliminated but even created some space for worker agency, which has limitations but continues to emerge in new forms.

The imbalance of power and responsibility is not significant in grass-roots governance. It is a state of governance determined by the characteristics of the system. Given that premise, the valuable discussion is about how to achieve the unity of governance methods and governance goals based on this state. This paper intends to take a civil dispute as the case to reveal how the grass-roots government transforms“institutional potential energy”into“governance practical ability”to achieve the balance of power and responsibility in governance activities. The core of this transformation mechanism is to make the grass-roots government, village cadres and villagers paralleled in the same action chain through the way of
“administrative Absorption”and“interest absorption”, which，in essence，is the reconnection between the state and the local society. There are two aspects this reconnection must emphasize: one is the connection between the grass-roots government and the village cadres, and the other is the unity between the village cadres and the villagers. The former points to how publicity is connected to sociality, and the latter means how rural society could realize the transformation from sociality to more orderly and powerful publicity.

This study applies in-depth interviews and participatory observation, to focus on young Chinese users of the Korean hyper-localized second-hand trading platform Karrot. It explores the construction of mechanisms of“the nearby”for social
networks. On the one hand, the cultural contact mechanism of two- way reinforcement of language and resonance of habits and frequencies activates“the nearby”, enabling Chinese youth to improve their Korean language proficiency, enhance cultural confidence, and pull in psychological distance from Korean society. On the other hand, the dual reciprocity mechanism of obligation-based reciprocity and sharing based reciprocity strengthens“the nearby”. Chinese youth gradually generate and spread reciprocal relationships with people in“the nearby”through publishing and browsing, buying and selling, and giving and receiving relationships, enhancing the breadth and depth of social integration. This study engages in dialogue with studies on social integration, social networks, social capital, and“the nearby”and provides references and inspirations for individual mobility, community and social governance.

This study investigated 1494 perpetrators in three prisons in City G,aiming to examine the potential types of adult trauma and the relationship withthe age of first offending and recidivism among different genders from two dimensions:“family misfortune-criminality”and“victim experience-criminality”. The results indicated that there were three potential types of adult trauma among the perpetrators. Factors such as mobile identity, education level, marital status, and economic conditions significantly influence the classification of potential adult trauma patterns of perpetrators regarding genders to varying degrees. Female perpetrators with“medium trauma”and“high trauma- high victim”are more likely to commit their first crime in middle and young adulthood, while male perpetrators with“high trauma-high misfortune-high victim”are more prone to recidivism. Thus, it is crucial to consider the trauma risk faced by individuals of different genders concerning family misfortune and victim experience. Targeted interventions and prevention strategies should be implemented based on the characteristics and criminal patterns of perpetrators with different types of adult trauma.

 In scale expansion, digital platforms have jumped out of the constraints of production and transaction costs to a certain extent, but they have encountered surging social costs. Unlike previous enterprises, the digital platform is the organizational form of the online trading market, the maker of market rules, and the defender of market order. Based on the theory of social operating finds that, due to the organizational attributes and structural advantages of digital platforms, the digital platform is related to the vital interests of the general public, which is prone to large-scale conflicts of interest and social stability if poorlyhandled. At the same time, it needs to respond to all parties’doubts about their market rules. Moreover, as an integrator of data and technology, it relates to the security of national data and the core competitiveness of the country. It is necessary to highlight the public nature,coordination, fairness, and security of the platform and to assume more responsibilities for maintaining social order. The social cost of digital platform expansion mainly includes social security, benefit coordination, market management, and national security costs. The concept of social cost is the key to understanding the expansion process, strategy, and scale boundary of digital platforms, and it is the sociological concept that helps to understand the formation mechanism of platform market structure in the digital age.

With China’s state-owned enterprises（SOEs）going out，the Dayuan（compound）-style residential spaces have also extended to the overseas. To address this phenomenon, this paper takes the spatial study of“home”as the starting point,
and analyses the residential space of a SOE in Tanzania from a microscopic point of view. It is found that the going-out residential spaces are the“common home” created by collectivism from the top down, but the connotation of this“common
home”has changed in the process of encountering its external community and internal residents, generating a more flexible faraway“home”space.

After the implementation of the so-called“double reduction”policy in China, many extracurricular developmental activities（EDAs）have been regarded by some families as a new track to promote the cognitive abilities of preschoolers.Using the data of 822 pre-school children in Changsha in 2022, this paper evaluated the cognitive efficacy of EDAs. The study found that EDAs can significantly improve the cognitive abilities of preschoolers, but mainly limited to the Junior kindergarten ;
Different from the logic of knowledge supplement contained in academic tutoring,EDAs can indirectly generate cognitive returns by improving children’s attentiveness; the“positive function”of EDAs is mainly reflected in preschoolers from middle-and low-income families，but the marginal returns are low for those from high-income families; there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the intensity of EDAs and the cognitive ability. This paper analyzes the“involution” performance of extracurricular investments from the academic theory, and provides a reference for infant families to understand and adapt to the“double reduction” policy.

Stamping consumption, as an emerging consumption phenomenon, reflects that consumers attach importance to both consumer objects and possession experience and want to personalize the experience as well as prove the authenticity
through institutionalization. In this paper, we take the practice paradigm as a perspective and introduce Beck’s theory of“institutional individualization”as an analytical framework, arguing that stamping consumption is a consumption practice
based on the occurrence of personal movement. It occurs through the control of the consumption process by institutionalized consumption tools and finally materialized travel experience by collecting movement markers. Stamping consumption reflects the consumer’s search for certainty in a differentiated tourism context. Further behind the demand for institutionalization is the“self-posed”response to the risks of modernity, and the balance between institutionalization and individualization is a process of debugging the tensions of a new order.

Using the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey（CLASS）2018 project data, this study constructed an analytical framework of“institutional segmentation-economic resources/social networks- mental health among older adults”, and illustrated the impact of institutional segmentation on older adults’mental health and its multiple mediating mechanisms. Empirical results showed that: (1) institutional segmentation had significant effects on older adults’mental health. Compared with the non-state sector, older adults in the state-own sector had higher levels of mental health; (2) economic resources and social networks were both effective medi-factors of institutional patronage on older adults’mental health; (3) economic resource factors contributed more to the mediating effect of institutional segmentation on mental health than social network path.

While classical theories of“reference groups”can, to some extent,explain the factors shaping class identity, they fail to establish an overarching theoretical framework that elucidates the formation mechanism in its entirety. The “mixed reference theory”, integrating concepts from “reference groups”and “dominance relations”, constructs a theoretical model encompassing both structural and relational aspects. This theory is comprised of five reference operations: relative deprivation, relative gratification, dominance gratification, dominance deprivation, and familiarity effects. Individuals continuously engage in these five referencing operations and compare themselves with others, thereby shaping their class identity. Empirical analysis based on seven times of data from the China General Social Survey (CGSS) 2011-2021 confirms the explanatory power of the five reference operations of the“mixed reference theory”in measuring the“class perception gap”, which gauges discrepancies between objective and subjective class positions. The study also uncovers variations in reference operations among individuals with different genders and dominance statuses, thereby validating the efficacy of the“mixed reference theory”in explaining the formation mechanisms of class identity. By broadening the scope of applicable and referenced subjects, this theory furnishes a more comprehensive reference model and processual explanation, enriching our understanding of how class identity is constructed within complex societal structures.

In recent years, the rise of the college entrance examination (gaokao) application fee-based counseling has brought a huge market potential, and the increasing number of participants has caused a social impact that can not be ig⁃nored.This paper probes into the contracting process of the College entrance ex⁃amination application consulting market and analyzes the purpose, nature, and method of the transaction from the perspective of embeddedness and relationship operation. It is found that the paid consulting market of gaokao is embedded in the institutional environment, and with the institutional changes, it has formed unique trading conditions and information advantages. Thus, it can provide economic optimal strategies. In the process of contracting, the conclusion of the transaction is highly dependent on the shaping of the relational position and the cultural concept by the two parties to the contract. By constructing the role of“teacher”,the consulting agencies blur the “principal-agent ”relation and obtain the legitimacy of institutional interpretation, in which trust maintenance and risk avoidance can be realized. However, the marketization strategy further weakens the agency of individuals in the application, leading to systematic preference change and structural misallocation of educational resources. It is of far-reaching significance to examine unintended consequences and mechanisms of gaokao with the market and provide an instructive understanding of the way free markets work in non-economic fields such as education.

 This paper describes in-depth the social process of the transformation of a governance mini program developed by a digital platform enterprise from“zero users”to“high activity”in a village, and attempts to reveal the logic and mechanism of the diffusion of external technologies in local societies without large-scale external mobilization from the perspective of the village. First, the social network and social concepts formed by offline governance have laid a social foundation for online
governance applets. Secondly, the design of products that are compatible with villages is the technical foundation for the smooth“entry”of digital platforms. Finally,these two foundations need to be activated through two key mechanisms:“government platformization”and“platform agility.”This paper not only conceptualizes the empirical phenomenon of the bottom-up diffusion of external“digital governance platforms”in villages but also breaks through the paradigms of state-centrism and social determinism in the explanation of the mechanism, and brings the independent characteristics of technology and the inter-construction of technology and society back to the center of the analysis, which provides insights on the village governance strategy and the development of platforms and products.

Through the empirical analysis of China Household Finance Survey（CHFS）2019 data, this study examines the socio-economic status differences of Chinese urban residents in housing provident fund participation, including participation breadth, participation depth, and participation validity, and its formation mechanism from the perspective of social stratification. Results show that urban residents with higher socio-economic status have a higher probability of participating in the housing provident fund system, and accumulate more monthly money. Among urban residents who participate in housing provident fund system, the higher the socio-economic status of the residents, financial literacy, and credit capacity, the higher the probability of withdrawing the housing provident fund, and credit using the housing provident fund to buy houses. Housing provident funds can significantly improve the housing assets of urban residents, and this positive impact is more prominent for urban residents with higher socio-economic status. This study reveals the social stratification logic of the operation of the housing provident fund system and its potential impacts on housing conditions and housing inequality of Chinese urban residents. It also makes suggestions for developing and improving the housing provident fund system.

The transformation of digital technology has driven institutional transformation centered on risk governance, in which the European Union（Eu）is a pioneer in digital regulation innovation. Based on data including the“International Digital Ecology Index”, this article characterizes similarities of regulations in the field of digital risk governance among 28 European countries and explores the factors and mechanisms that affect similarities of regulations. The study found that security and development have become two aspects of digital risk governance, and the digital risk control regulations of 28 European countries still exhibit a complex pattern of “similarities but differences”under the constraints of the EU’s upper⁃level laws.Governance practices centered on technology application have driven the formation of digital risk control regulations, while the influence of normative factors is not significant.The accelerated development of digital technology has resulted in an “asynchronous dilemma”between regulation formation and governance practices. Which has led to the disenchantment of governance paradigms and the decline of normative power in the industrial era. The development of digital regulation in various countries is more manifested as a pragmatic trial⁃and⁃error practice.