Based on a multi-level dataset constructed from the 2018 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and World Bank socio-economic indicators, this study adopts a comparative perspective to systematically examine how national (regional) income inequality moderates the heterogeneous effects of cultural capital on academic achievement across social strata. The findings reveal that: first, both objectified and embodied cultural capital yield higher educational returns for students from advantaged backgrounds, providing cross-national evidence for Bourdieu’s cultural reproduction theory; second, the heterogeneous effect of objectified cultural capital, namely the strength of reproduction, significantly strengthens as income inequality increases. In contrast, the heterogeneous effect of embodied cultural capital shows no significant structural variation across societies with different levels of inequality. These conclusions not only respond to Bourdieu’s proposition regarding the“context-dependent”nature of cultural capital but also offer new empirical insights at the macro level into the theoretical debate between cultural reproduction and cultural mobility.

Drawing on the latest wave of the Social Attitudes Questionnaire of Urban and Rural Residents（2024）, this study employs latent profile analysis（LPA） to examine the multidimensional nature of stratification beliefs among young people.The findings identify four distinct belief patterns: strongly dual beliefs（45%）,moderately dual beliefs（35%）, predominantly meritocratic beliefs（16%）, and predominantly structural beliefs（4%）. Specifically, respondents holding dual beliefs recognize meritocratic（e. g., effort, ability）and structural factors（e. g., family background, social connections）as equally important for economic success. In contrast, respondents adhering to predominantly meritocratic beliefs emphasize the decisive role of meritocratic factors, whereas those with predominantly structural beliefs attribute economic success mainly to structural factors. Further analysis reveals that socioeconomic status significantly shapes belief patterns. Moreover, youth with different stratification beliefs exhibit systematic variations in their attitudes toward social economic development and other factors, with those holding predominantly structural beliefs expressing substantially more pessimistic views. These findings highlight the diverse ways in which young people perceive the social stratification system, providing fresh insights into the broader social mindset.

 Public engagement is essential for achieving ecological civilization. Using the data from the CGSS2021, this paper examines how individual’s perceptions of government environmental governance performance influence their public environmental participation. The findings indicate that positive perceptions promote participation through four mechanisms: perceived environmental efficacy, environmental concern, responsibility attribution, and perceived environmental risk. Furthermore, central and local governments affect participation via distinct pathways, with the former primarily influencing participation through environmental concern and the latter mainly through perceived risk. These results highlight that public perceptions can bridge governance and individual responsibility, offering valuable insights for enhancing environmental governance policies.

Chinese environmental sociology has traditionally focused on issues related to the“environment”dimension, such as environmental pollution and ecological degradation, while systematic exploration of the“natural resources” dimension has been relatively limited. This study centers on natural resources, synthesizing insights from rural sociology, resource science, and tourism management. It reviews recent core topics, including resource governance, rural livelihood dependencies, and protection-development dynamics, intending to systematically highlight key advancements in research on the“natural resourcessociety”relationship. Using the reflexive sociology methods, this paper critically reflects on the process of knowledge production concerning natural resources from ontological, epistemological, and methodological perspectives, revealing implicit biases within the current environmental sociology research paradigm. Building on this critique, the study proposes a dual-dimensional analytical framework that positions natural resources and environmental issues as equally significant dimensions. It advocates for the integration of environmental sociology to overcome its fragmentation, thereby providing theoretical support for constructing a resourceconserving and environment-friendly society.

This study uses an e-commerce platform as a case study to develop an analytical framework for algorithmic empowerment. It examines the internal logic of algorithmic iteration on short-video platforms and the evolving mechanisms through which these algorithms empower the digital labor of rural women from ethnic regions in Southwest China engaged in live-streaming e-commerce. The findings reveal that algorithmic iteration is not merely a trade-off between com⁃ mercial and social values, nor is it solely driven by profit maximization. Instead, it represents a stage-specific strategic adjustment by the platform following a reversal in its dependency relationship with users, influenced jointly by environmental, organizational, and technological factors. During the scale-expansion phase, platform algorithms aligned with the characteristics of rural women, fostering effective internal-external interactions and generating notable empowerment effects. However, in the consolidation phase, rising algorithmic thresholds limited women’ s adaptability due to insufficient resources and capabilities, leading to diminishing empowerment effects. Nevertheless, some individuals, supported by families, communities, and government initiatives, successfully resisted algorithmic “discipline”and achieved sustained empowerment. The study argues that em⁃ powerment theory should move beyond the subject-object binary and shift towards a framework emphasizing synergy among multiple actors. 

This paper examines bottom-line exploration behavior during expost adjustments under incomplete contracts. Using an“interest-norm”dual game analytical framework, it investigates the mechanisms and strategies of contract participants who engage in game interactions under bounded rationality. Specifically, it explores how actors navigate scenarios where interests and norms are intertwined,leveraging signaling and strategic interactions to maximize cooperative gains. The study proposes that the respective bottom lines of cross-cultural contract participants are not common knowledge and are often subject to dynamic adjustments. Using a combination of sub-game models and field cases, the paper explores phenomena such as bottom-line breaches, differentiated bottom lines, and the transition among multiple bottom lines. It highlights the complexity of interactions and the importance of strategic choices in cross-cultural games. The research concludes that the dual game model has broad applicability to expost adjustments under incomplete contracts and offers theoretical insights for Chinese enterprises operating in complex overseas environments.

With the development of computational social science, computational grounded theory integrated with natural language processing has opened a new path for qualitative research; however, its application norms and boundaries remain contentious. Building on classical grounded theory, this paper develops an agile operational framework for computational grounded theory by integrating word vector dictionary expansion techniques. Taking the analysis of gender stereotypes in teacher charisma within student evaluation texts as a case, it explores the application optimization of this framework. Empirical results show that through a transparent and iterative computational process, this approach significantly improves analysis efficiency while preserving the interpretive depth of qualitative research, thereby achieving the integration of data-driven and theory-driven methodologies. This paradigm is text-centered, leverages researchers’theoretical sensitivity, and offers a research method that is agile, transparent, and capable of empirically testing theoretical hypotheses. Finally, this paper reflects on key methodological issues, aiming to provide a standardized and referable operational paradigm for social science text analysis in the era of big data.

Most existing studies on food-delivery workers in China emphasize platforms’labor control and workers’negotiation or resistance, reflecting a centrality of production and a capital-labor dualism. Through in-depth interviews and participant observation with hearing-impaired delivery workers, this study finds that unlike their non-disabled counterparts who often treat the job as transitional, disabled workers gain positive labor experiences, develop a strong professional identity, and achieve improved socioeconomic status and personal transformation. The shifts in their social relations and self-perception before and after becoming delivery workers underscore the need to understand the diverse values of digital labor through the situated experiences of workers with different characteristics.

The digital technology revolution has triggered profound changes at the world system, national, and social levels. However,previous research has not focused on the forces driving the formation and development of digital societies. This paper attempts to explain how a country’s systemic and social contexts differentiate its digital society development strategies and ultimately influence the outcome of its global digital competition. It is found that the precision drip-irrigation digital social development strategy and overall mobilization provide social foundations for digital user countries to effectively stimulate social demand and give full play to the scale economy effect. On the other hand, the outsourcing development strategy appears unbalanced leading to consumer penalty effects. This study provides a contextdriven explanatory framework for understanding the path choices and competitive outcomes of various countries in the digital era.

Existing research emphasizes the importance of social foundations for understanding regional development, yet it primarily focuses on abstract dimension such as values and ethics, with insufficient analysis of their structural characteristics. This paper takes the development disparities between local and introduced industries in Shuxi County as a starting point, focusing on the specific characteristics of the county-level labor structure to explore the intrinsic relationship between labor attitudes and labor structure. The study finds that Shuxi County exhibits a dual industrial structure. Although local and introduced industries operate within the same county-level labor market, they differ significantly in terms of labor adaptation.Specifically, the accessibility and stability of child-generation, parent-generation,and grandparent-generation labor from the local population demonstrate inter⁃generational heterogeneity in relation to the two types of industries. The formation of this characteristic is closely linked to Shuxi County’s historical industrial development path and the family life cycles of rural households. Through an in-depth examination of the county’s labor structure characteristics, this study reveals an important dimension of the social foundations in central and western Chinese counties, thereby helping to clarify the difficulties, challenges, and potential pathways for county-level industrial development.

The transactional behaviors within the grassroots market are both market-driven and socially conditioned. This article, in combination with the case of tea purchasing in Hu Town, southern Sichuan Province, analyzes the transaction logics among different subjects within the market chain of“farmers-peddlers-tea factories”, and reveals how the grassroots market adapts to the open market system as an acquaintance market. Peddlers need to compete for the market scope through interpersonal interaction strategies, but this may soften the quality standards of transactions and clog the market chain. Consequently, they have to achieve risk control through flexible and open transaction strategies. It can be observed that the sociality of different links in the grassroots market chain varies, and forms different adaptive patterns with marketability. Only by balancing the relationship between sociality and marketability based on transaction scenarios can the elasticity of the market chain be maintained, and subsequently, a flexible and inclusive transaction order be constructed in the open market to adapt to the gradual changes in the production and life order of farmers.

This paper reviews the fieldwork conducted in Beizhen over three decades ago and its key findings. From the perspective of economic sociology, it re-analyzes the origins and structures of local specialized luggage and bag markets, the institutional arrangements of“household factories”, the behavioral logic of “household workers”, and the role of the local government. Additionally, it points out the limitations of the original fieldwork and potential directions for further research. In the conclusion section, the paper discusses two approaches in economic sociology, the criteria for evaluating fieldwork data, the necessity of revisiting the research site, and the significance of theoretical reconstruction.

The issue of sparse population in border villages means that due to the continuous loss of rural residents, the social life, production, public aspects, and cultural values in these villages are declining systematically. This paper analyzes the practice of cultivating elderly social capital in Town An from the perspective of neo-endogenous development theory. It summarizes the manifestations of depopulation and public crisis in border villages in Northeast China.The study finds that the main challenges faced by depopulated border villages currently include disordered resource integration, misalignment of governance subjects, and atomization of the governance field. Efforts such as empowering through characteristic resources, reconstructing social organizations, and rebuilding social identity can effectively unleash the efficacy of the left-behind elderly as the main actors in rural revitalization. This study can serve as a new case for social governance and a theoretical and practical path for the integrated development of internal and external resources in depopulated border villages.

This study establishes its foundation on four core dimensions—the view of righteousness and benefit, trust, entrepreneurial risk-taking propensity, and government-business culture—and attempts to construct a cultural explanatory framework for corporate philanthropy. Leveraging this framework and the survey data of Chinese private enterprises in 2014, this study examines how the culture of merchant guild influences the charitable donations of private enterprises. The key findings of the study are as follows: First, the overall traditional merchant guild culture exerts a significant positive driving effect on the private enterprise donation.Second, among the subdivided dimensions of merchant guild culture, enterprises affiliated with kinship-based merchant guilds donate more than those associated with geographically-based merchant guilds; meanwhile, enterprises rooted in riskpreferring merchant guilds donate more than those in risk-averse merchant guilds.Third, the positive effect of political connections on corporate donations does not exhibit significant differences due to variations in the government-business cultural attributes of different merchant guilds. This study reveals the positiveeffects of the strong relational trust culture of China’s merchant guilds, which differs significantly from that within the Western culture, and further highlights the institutional and cultural advantages that motivate private enterprise philanthropy.

Using data from the 2008 to 2018 China Private Enterprise Survey, this article examines how corporate social capital influences corporate social responsibility（CSR) in China’s private sector. Social capital has a positive impact on CSR.
Distinguishing between potential social capital and mobilized social capital, the analysis demonstrates that the CSR-enhancing effect of mobilized social capital is substantially stronger. Market rationality moderates this effect: the effect weakens as firm size increases but intensifies over time as China’s market institutions mature.By applying a social capital lens, this study proposes a new framework for understanding CSR in transitional economies and provides empirical insights into thepromotion of responsible business practices in China.

The governance logic of the rural medical system has continuously evolved, leading to changes in the professional role of rural doctors. Contemporary rural doctors now function as market entities with professional autonomy. They have been assigned the responsibility of serving as health “gatekeepers” in the restructuring of the primary healthcare system. Thus, in the transition from a rural-based to an urban-rural China, they face complex doctor-patient dynamics. These multifaceted shifts have placed rural doctors in a professional dilemma. Using a county in Jiangxi Province as a case study, this paper explores potential solutions to their professional challenges. The findings reveal that, within a semi-administrative institutional framework, a constrained marketized environment,and a fluid rural society, rural doctors’livelihood strategies and professional ethics have become mutually mismatched, creating inherent role tensions. Therefore, it is imperative to realign the public welfare objectives and sustainability mechanisms of the rural medical system in the process of Chinese mordernization, enabling rural doctors to reconcile personal and collective interests, thereby fostering a coherent professional identity.

While existing research has examined urbanization primarily through the lenses of economies of scale, government behavior, urban-rural disparities, and the relationship between urbanization and households, this study takes Shanghai taxi drivers as a case to enter the lived world and inner world of the floating population, revealing the micro-mechanisms of China’s population urbanization process. Migrant taxi drivers in Shanghai are motivated to work in the city to support their children’s education, family formation, and home purchases in urban areas, demonstrating remarkable family resilience and intergenerational support. This characteristic stems from deep-rooted bonds within the family: first, the natural emotional attachment among family members; second, the sacred sense of family responsibility that emerges from this attachment; and third, the life continuity and family legacy that drive the entire family to unite around key urbanization tasks such as home buying, which also becomes an important source of individual life meaning. Within the existing urban-rural structural relations, family emotion, responsibility, and intergenerational inheritance collectively serve as a significant driving force of urbanization, reflecting a distinctly Chinese path to urbanization.

This paper, drawing on Fei Xiaotong’s theory of urban-rural mental order,proposes the concept of“urban-rurality”to depict the ideal mental order generated through the adaptation within the integrated urban-rural society, aiming to resolve the dualistic structure between“modernity-urbanity”and“tradition-rurality”. Studies have found that in traditional China, cities and rural areas maintained a continuous and unified relationship, which was reflected at the mental level in shared local views, life outlooks, and worldviews among urban and rural residents. These corresponded to the integration of urban and rural areas, family and career, and humanity and nature respectively. These three dimensions have both inherited and transformed in the current process of urban-rural integration, collectively constituting the historical foundation and practical form of the new-era mental order.

This paper examines Alain Touraine’s sociology of action, focusing on its conception of social action and the logic of social transformation centered on“the Subject”. First, the theory places social action at its core, viewing it as a creative practice through which actors reinterpret social meanings and norms. Second, it elucidates the field and dynamics of social transformation, outlining how collective subjects drive structural change through societal movements that contest control over historicity. Touraine further introduces“sociological intervention”as a method to identify and catalyze the transformative potential of collective action. Finally, addressing the crisis of modernity in the globalization era, the theory shifts to the mechanism of“subjectivation”, emphasizing the pivotal role of“the Subject”in resisting alienation and rebuilding solidarity. In this way, the sociology of action establishes an analytical link between individual emancipation and social transformation, which not only deepens our understanding of social generation and change, but also offers a significant theoretical reference for comprehending the surge of subjectivity and new forms of actions within China’s social transformation.

Using data from the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS), this study investigates how institutionalized home-school cooperation measures influence levels of parental involvement at home and the developmental outcomes of adolescents. The findings reveal that, after controlling for background factors, school-initiated cooperation significantly enhances parental involvement. However, the effectiveness of these measures varies substantially by family socioeconomic status (SES). Families with higher SES are better positioned to deploy institutionalized resources, thereby reinforcing their level of involvement, while lower-SES families benefit to a much lesser extent. Moreover, institutionalized home-school cooperation shows no significant effect on adolescents’cognitive ability, social competence, or mental health. These results indicate that although such institutional measures help narrow school-level disparities in parental involvement, family SES remains a key determinant of parental involvement. The study highlights the dual role of institutionalized school measures in promoting educational equity from a neoinstitutionalist perspective.

The care of children with medical conditions extends beyond physical care to encompass their developmental needs. Based on fieldwork and interviews, this article explores care practices of cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) surrounding the goal of“normal life”. It reveals that in both medical and familial contexts, healthcare providers, mothers, and children construct care scripts through performance.Healthcare staff perform acceptant attitudes to reshape families’understanding of the illness, which establishes the foundation of performance for family care. As primary caregivers, mothers perform“pingchangxin,”which involves two key dimensions: normalizing body defects and regulating their emotional expressions to coordinate family networks. Meanwhile, children participate in this co-performance, collectively shaping and maintaining a shared sense of“normal life”with their families. This practice of“performing normality”extends Goffman’s framework into the context of long-term, intimate care, offering a new perspective for understanding dynamic, affective, and ethical dimensions of care work.

Online literature represents a significant form of cultural consumption in the digital age. Readers have developed diverse online reading tastes. Digital literacy interacts with platforms’varied recommendation mechanisms through accessible scope, group co-construction, and gaming capabilities, influencing the formation and distinction of digital reading tastes. Readers with high digital literacy interact with platforms, developing exquisite digital reading tastes, whereas those with low digital literacy are shaped by platforms into plain digital reading tastes. Digital reading taste distinction is different from classical taste distinctions in formation, manifestation, and class relations, being more concealed and relatively entrenched. This paper elucidates the formation mechanisms of digital reading taste distinction and its differences from classical taste distinctions, thereby enriching the cultural dimension of research on digital social stratification.

The concept of monumentality stresses how social space and its associated symbolic practice produce, materialize, and embody collective memory and public remembrance. Its pursuit of eternity through symbolic construction implies constant tensions with the lived contemporary lifeworld. Taking Yulin Island as a case study, this article draws on Lefebvre’s spatial triad theory, integrates sociological perspectives of time and the body, and disentangles the spatial monumentality of Yulin Island in polyvocal making across the perceived, the conceived, and lived dimensions. Yulin’s monumental construction evolves amid center-periphery dynamics spanning the historical contexts of geopolitics and modernization. Its monumental space is shaped by adaptive spatial practices of local governance and islanders’differential bodily experiences and negotiations with space representations. These tripartite spatial practices collectively constitute Yulin’s historical and contemporary significance as a“red monument”in Chinese history, projecting a form of monumentality grounded in lifeworld realities as lived eternity. This study enriches the sociological dimensions of monumentality and offers empirical implications for understanding the production of social space in the Chinese context.

关于中国民间寄养的既有研究主要关注寄养现象何以出现及其不同模式，较少探究寄养实践中家庭和亲属关系的动态变化。基于在北方某县的田野调查与深度访谈，本文试图呈现和解释原生家庭-寄养家庭-被寄养者的三角关系在民间寄养实践中的动态变化过程。通过引入泽利泽的关系工作理论，本文认为寄养三角中的关系标记实践和互动过程共同形塑了寄养和后寄养期间的关系状态。具体来说，在原生家庭主要“搭钱”、寄养家庭主要“搭功夫”的合作养育模式和关系标记实践下，寄养期间的被寄养者往往对寄养家庭有明显的情感偏向，且基于和原生家庭的不同互动而形成有差别的情感联结。当被寄养者回到原生家庭生活后，寄养三角中家庭和亲属关系的意义与边界会被重新协商，其中原生家庭父母的关系标记实践与亲子互动过程对寄养三角关系走向产生尤为重要的影响，由此寄养三角关系得以延续、重构甚至出现破裂。

This study takes a Chinese home appliance enterprise operating in North Africa as a case to analyze the formation, operation, and solidification mechanisms of seemingly redundant twin structures that are widely observed in Chinese mul⁃tinational enterprises. Drawing on the principal-agent perspective and employing a dual-game analytical framework of interest and norms, the study aims to develop a decision-utility model for cross-border human resource allocation, thereby revealing the social processes underlying decision-making. The business objectives of multinational enterprises combine strategic unity with operational localization.When the host country’s human resource pool cannot meet the firm’s cross-border objectives, principals tend to establish an internal“twin structure”, through which “segmented cooperation”between two ethnic groups facilitates cross-cultural collaboration. However, under conditions of divergent normative constraints and limited mutual understanding, micro level interaction may reinforce labeling impressions and hinder the reception of negative feedback, potentially leading to the long-term solidification of the twin structure.

“Setting up models”is an important meso-level institutional arrangement in China’s national governance mechanism. Most existing literature focuses on the first half of the life cycle of a model, that is, the process of“selection-shaping promotion”, while paying little attention to the second half, that is, the development or decline of the model. This paper constructs a“model paradox”framework, explaining that the life cycle of a model is influenced by the contrast between the trickle-down effect and the siphon effect, and builds a typology of“trickle-down models”and“siphon models”. Based on this, the paper further discusses the impact of learnability, operational costs, and the degree of legitimacy on various types of models. Based on an investigation of the border residents’mutual trade cooperatives in a certain border county, this paper uses the change of the type transformation of models to validate the theoretical framework of the“model paradox”. The dynamic interaction regarding resources between the creator of the model and models themselves offers valuable insights for the study of national governance mechanisms.

Current academic research on Liang Shuming’s rural construction theory primarily focuses either on the rejuvenation of traditional Chinese culture, or on the adjustment of rural structures and ethics within the theory and practice of rural construction. However, it often neglects the issue of agricultural construction—an important component of the rural construction plan—and its civilizational implications. Against the backdrop of the severe civilizational crisis faced by modern China, and based on a theoretical understanding of the characteristics of agricultural production and the vitality of Chinese small-scale farmers, Liang Shuming proposed an agricultural reform plan that took“Xiang Nong”schools as the supporting framework and agricultural cooperatives as the core to promote the development of agricultural technology and agricultural finance, implementing it in the rural construction of Zouping.From the perspective of civilization theory, this plan embodies a critical consciousness toward Western modern capitalist civilization through a comparison between Chinese and Western civilizations. It also presents a vision of reorganizing modern civilization based on cultivating this rational spirit of Chinese civilization, striving to embark on a path of human development rooted in the rational spirit of China and truly putting people first.Liang Shuming’s discussions on agricultural construction constitute a significant tradition within Chinese of agricultural sociology. Re-examining his agricultural construction plan also helps to deepen the understanding of the relationship between agricultural development and civilizational construction from the perspective of agricultural sociology. 

This study focuses on the practice of urban centralized clean energy heating retrofitting, analyzing how the construction of an actor network enhances infrastructure flexibility throughout the process. Specifically, it examines three residential communities in the urban area of He County, Shanxi Province, that have undergone central heating retrofitting as illustrative cases. The study analyzes how human actors (such as community representatives, building managers, and village committees) and non-human actors (including heat exchange stations, householdlevel pipeline networks, and thermal insulation windows) interact to drive the bottomup stabilization of clean heating systems. The findings reveal that flexibility construction in infrastructure is not solely a technical upgrade but relies on a dynamic network integrating both human and non-human actors. This process achieves an alignment between standardized supply and diverse user demands through three pathways, namely connectivity, modularity, and compatibility. Infrastructure flexibility and actor-network mutually shape each other, forming a complex system of county-level clean energy heating.

The first marriage profoundly shapes life trajectories, family dynamics, and demographic stability, constituting a central focus in marriage and family studies. This paper systematically reviews the literature on first marriage in China, identifying four core research themes: trends, determinants, matching patterns, and marital stability. These research themes can be further integrated into two main threads: the institutional status of marriage and the social stratification of marriage. While the former questions the persistence of China’s universal marriage pattern at the macro level, the latter concentrates on social class differences in marriage at the micro level. Intrinsically interconnected, these two threads collectively reveal both the particularities and commonalities in China’s marriage transition. To further advance the research, it is necessary to develop a theoretical framework that highlights Chinese perspectives and systematic approaches,critical discussions of limitations and applicability of data and methodology,
and the extension of research boundaries.

Focusing on mothers who have moved from metropolitan areas to Dali with their children, this study explores their strategic responses to widespread educational anxiety. These mothers enroll their children in innovative schools that advocate“holistic education”, emphasizing early childhood well-being, while simultaneously preserving options to reintegrate into the mainstream education system through home tutoring, international education, or talent development. This dual strategy balances the intrinsic and instrumental values of education. In this model, schools assume an extended maternal role in intrinsic upbringing, freeing mothers to leverage their strengths in co-creating the educational community. Such intensive maternal practices reshape how educational responsibility is divided across family, school, and community.However, the feasibility of this model depends on the mothers’disposable time, material resources, and social resources.

Traditional studies on the academic history of the Chicago School of Sociology have long been confined to a“centralized”perspective, focusing on the localized experiences of the University of Chicago and its core scholars while neglecting the dynamic reconstruction of the school’s ideas through global circulation. Adopting a“decentering”methodology, this paper transcends geographical and institutional boundaries to reveal the multi-temporal and spatial networks of the school’s knowledge production, using Canada and China as two illustrative case studies. Through an in-depth analysis of transnational intellectual exchanges between Canadian sociologists and the Chicago School, as well as an examination of how the Yenching School’s criminological research assimilated and transformed the Chicago School’s methodologies, this study demonstrates that the history of the school is not a static product confined to a single location or a handful of scholars. Instead, it is continuously shaped and reshaped through dynamic interactions between scholars’lived experiences and academic networks across multiple temporal and spatial contexts. This decentering approach not only enriches the historical narrative of the Chicago School of Sociology but also offers new theoretical and methodological insights for understanding the global dissemination and local adaptation of academic traditions.

The frequent interactions between literati and artists constituted a distinctive phenomenon in the modernization process of old operas and served as an important pathway for the modernization of traditional art. During the Republic of China period, although literati began to“pay attention to”artists, due to the estrangement and ambiguity in the relationship between the state and art prevented the former from recognizing the unique value of the latter in the modernization of old operas, and the form of literary-artistic relationship was mainly characterized by “literati dominating, artists following”. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, guided by the literary and artistic policies of the Communist Party of China and supported by nationwide political power, the relationship between the state and art became clearly defined. Through a series of opera reform practices and policy adjustments, both sides in literature and art moved towards “literati and artists marching together”, namely they learned from and discovered each other, and dedicated themselves to the same goal of modernizing and instrumentalizing old operas. The emergence of“literati and artists in mutual accord”is an extension of the new democratic mass culture construction led by the CPC and an important achievement in socialist cultural development. This development not only signifies the creative transformation and innovative advancement of traditional operas, but also constitutes an important link in the adjustment of class relations and social integration, reflecting a state-art relationship with distinct Chinese characteristics.

Alleviating the household chore burden on employed married women holds significant policy and practical implications. Existing literature puts too much emphasis on social-cultural structure and individual micro factors. By introducing an indigenous meso-level organizational perspective， the danwei system， this paper analyzes data from the China Family Panel Studies（CFPS）2020 and finds:（1）the danwei system exerts a significant influence， compared to those in the 
private sector， married women in the public sector bear less housework burden.（2）This influence operates primarily through two mechanisms: resource support and value transmission， while working hours partially offset this relationship.（3）Employment itself， both inside and outside the public sector， provides a significant supportive effect，but employment within the public sector offers additional protection. This study provides a localized Chinese perspective on household labor inequality and，using latest empirical evidence, partially addresses the fundamental question of whether the danwei system still matters in contemporary China.

 Whether human ecology adequately addresses the social and cultural dimensions of human life remains a contested question in sociology. Drawing on the distinction between community and society， this paper offers a close reading of the “pyramid of human relations” — a schema Park articulated in his later years — and argues that the central concern of his sociological thought lies in how the superstructure of society can be cultivated upon the biotic substructure of community. The movement from community to society is， in essence， a progression of human relations from symbiosis to consensus， and it unfolds along two intertwined lines. On the one hand， human beings successively establish territorial， economic， political， and cultural orders; on the other， immigrants undergo a process of socialization marked by competition， conflict， accommodation， and assimilation. The former corresponds to the morphological inquiry of human ecology into the material foundations of society， proceeding through community-based investigation; the latter is embodied in a life-history approach that attends to public sentiment and the distinctive traits of the marginal man， extending into an etiological reflection on the dearth of personal communication in urban society. The two lines of inquiry are mutually constitutive， together articulating Park’s deeper meditation on how the “psychophysical integration” of human society becomes possible.

 This study examines the educational burdens faced by families with one child after the implementation of the “double reduction” policy and fertility-support policies， as well as the impact of these burdens on mothers’ intention to have a 
second child. Using data from the 2023 national survey on the after-school lives of Chinese children， the findings reveal that while economic and time-related pressures on rearing children at the compulsory education stage tend to diminish， emotional burdens related to children’s academic development and occupational prospects remain significant. Families with high socioeconomic status（SES）experience greater economic and time burdens， whereas those with lower SES report elevated levels of emotional stress. Higher levels of economic， time， and emotional burdens are negatively associated with mothers’ intentions to have more children. Moreover， the negative correlation between educational burdens and fertility intentions is more pronounced among lower-SES families. This study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of China’s persistently low fertility rates and provides implications for the coordinated improvement of population policies and education policies.

 In the contemporary context of human-originated technologies considerably transforming natural gene pools， cross-species relations， and biological evolution routes， anthropologists draw on their classical studies on biology and society to explore three ways of thinking that transcend the classical socio-cultural and historical determination: practice theory， mutual transformations between the social and the biological， and the bio-social co-evolution of humans and their social-ecological worlds. These non-determining approaches aim to answer a fundamental question: how will humans， once created by the world to which they belong， change this world so as to establish and maintain a mutual-emergence between the humans and the world.

Through a sociology-of-knowledge lens， this article revisits the 1930s shift in Yenching sociology from “social surveys” to “community study.” Drawing on the correspondence of Wu Wenzao，and Fei Xiaotong with Raymond Firth archived in the LSE， along with Rockefeller Foundation and Yenching University archival records， we advance a “triple movements of knowledge” framework: international collaboration， domestic translation， and paradigm dissemination. This research 
shows how a peripheral scholarly community， under an unequal global academic structure， translated external resources into locally trainable and replicable practices. The contribution of this article lies in moving beyond an intellectualhistorical narrative toward a mechanism-based explanation of a paradigm change， which offers insights for institutional innovation in contemporary Chinese sociology that is at the intersection of international resources and locally grounded research agenda. 

In recent years, law firms have become increasingly involved in marital crises, emerging as important actors in shaping and managing intimate relationships. Drawing on ethnographic observations and in-depth interviews, this study examines how family law firms intervene in marital crises by translating emotional crises into legal issues, structuring temporal processes, and reconfiguring property relations. Through these practices, marital crises are transformed into issues that can  be  addressed through market-based legal services. In particular, law firms strategically endow property with multiple cultural meanings—signifying emotional commitment, enforcing responsibility, and securing future well-being—making it a central mechanism in managing marital crises. This article conceptualizes these dynamics as the “rationalized reconstruction of intimate relationships”, a term referring to the process through which intimate relationships are rendered calculable, assessable, and actionable under institutional and market forces. Focusing on concrete legal strategies, this study shows how family law firms, as market-based professional entities, intervene in marital crises and contribute to the rationalized reconstruction of intimate relationships in everyday practice.